A Future Generations Commission is a governmental body that ensures that the long-term well-being of future generations is considered in government policy.

 The industrialization of science refers to the practice of scientists working and conducting research in for-profit private companies rather than working inside public and private universities. 

An economic bubble happens when prices go way higher than the thing is actually worth.
 For example, during the dot-com bubble, early internet companies got huge hype and lots of money. Today, some people think the same might be happening with AI companies.

A crash happens when people realize the prices don’t make sense anymore. They lose confidence, prices fall fast, and everyone tries to sell at the same time.

Under the Tokyo model, urban development is largely decentralized and incremental, with flexible zoning and many small private developers shaping mixed-use neighborhoods.

In contrast, under the Seoul model, urban development is centrally planned and state-led, driven by large-scale redevelopment projects emphasizing efficiency and modernization.

In the 2022 Beijing Olympics, Anna Shcherbakova won the gold medal in figure skating over Alexandra Trusova due to a higher PCS (Program Component Score), despite a lower TES (Technical Element Score) than Alexandra Trusova. A PCS values artistry, performance, composition, and interpretation, while a TES values technical difficulty and execution quality. Alexandra Trusova is known as "the Quad Queen," and became the first woman to land five quads in a single Olympic Program in the Beijing Olympics. A "quad" in figure skating is a jump where a skater completes four full rotations in the air before landing. These jumps are extremely difficult, requiring immense speed and spin to achieve the necessary height and rotation within the few tenths of a second they are in the air.

Since April 2023, Sudan has been engulfed in a brutal civil war between the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) and the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces (RSF), leading to the collapse of governance and widespread atrocities. Over 10 million people have been displaced and famine conditions are spreading across Darfur and other regions, with aid agencies struggling to access affected areas.

In the Toy Story movie franchise, toys are sentient beings whose purpose is to bring joy and happiness to the children in Sunnyside Daycare. However, these toys wish to have their own personal owner. Lotso is the main villain in Toy Story 3. He controls and rules the other toys in Sunnyside Daycare and tells them that they are "destined to be thrown away" and that "no owners means no heartbreak." Lotso's main goal is to keep the toys from escaping the daycare. Lotso's outlook stems from being abandoned and replaced by his owner Daisy.

The Minions are small yellow creatures who exist to serve whoever they believe is the most powerful villain. They find happiness and meaning only through obedience and belonging, even when their masters are evil. 

Humanization refers to the process of making something or someone more humane, empathetic, or relatable.